共同事業とマンションの違い

コンドミニアム

A condominium is a type of property. It is similar to owning a home. The owner has a deed for their apartment. They also own a share of the common areas. Closing costs for condos are typically higher due to additional fees like title insurance and mortgage taxes.

Condo owners pay property taxes to the city. They also pay monthly fees called condo fees to the condo association for maintenance and amenities. Condo associations often have fewer restrictions, particularly regarding subletting and ownership, making them appealing for real estate investment. The Condo Board manages the operation of the building and instructs the condo association on what to do.

U.S. Residents can buy condos with traditional loans by putting down 20%, however, some banks require only a 10% down payment for professionals, such as doctors and lawyers. Foreign buyers are required to pay 30% upfront. Title insurance is also part of the closing costs for condo buyers.

For many, the pros of buying a condo unit will outweigh the cons. Purchasing a condominium is much more democratic than purchasing a coop, as condos are much less restrictive and open to anybody who has funds to buy one.

Generally, condos allows a condo owner to sublease their apartments with few restrictions. In addition, condos allow for foreign ownership, have fewer restrictions, require lower down payments, and are easier than coops to finance.

Most condos have been built in the last 30 years and include many amenities that current owners and tenants expect, including fitness centers, swimming pools, lounges, etc. These amenities are not found in most coops. All these features make a condo more marketable, increasing its saleability.

NYC condos comprise only 25% of total residential properties for sale in Manhattan. This supply constraint and the desirability of new condos that have many amenities make condos more expensive than coops.

Another big selling point for Manhattan Condos are the tax deductions that some of them offers like the 485, 421G, and 421A tax abatements. In the 70’s, the city launched a program to incentive developers to build on vacant lots while receiving 10 year exemption on paying taxes. The program expired but has been revived with the addition of the 485 abatement in 2024.

Homebuyers and investors who bought units in a condo with tax abatement would also benefit from these 10 year tax breaks. Recently we saw the return of these tax abatements on a handful of Manhattan condos and you can learn more on the blog below:

関連記事"20年減税の復活と終焉"

したがって、投資家や外国人バイヤーは、コンドミニアムを中心に物件を探すべきである。

要約すると、コンドミニアムはある／持っている：

制約が少ない

投資家フレンドリー

資金調達が容易

プロ外国人バイヤー

コープス

Coops (or Cooperatives) are apartments located in Co op buildings that are owned by corporations that sell shares of stock in a corporation to co op shareholders in return for long-term proprietary leases. The proprietary lease allows a shareholder that is buying share to use a particular apartment in the coop building. The larger the co-op apartment is, the more co op shares the shareholder will hold and the higher share of maintenance costs the shareholder will pay.

Co op owners pay a higher monthly maintenance fee to the corporation than a condo owner, as the amount includes co op fees and co op property taxes. Sometimes co ops have higher maintenance because of mortgage interest if the corporation holds a mortgage on the building. Comparatively, condo buildings are prohibited from obtaining mortgages, so condo HOA fees can never include mortgage interest.

There are many coop pros and cons to buying a co-op apartment. First, condos are usually more expensive than coops because cooperatives are older and they represent 70% of the market. Coops, however, can make up any rules they want and their shareholders must adhere to those rules. Co op boards often impose strict regulations and have a rigorous approval process for prospective buyers, making the purchasing experience more complex. When comparing co ops vs condos, it's important to note that co-ops typically involve a more complicated approval process with board restrictions, while condos offer a simpler transaction.

Under cooperative ownership, shareholders are generally required to occupy their apartments as their primary residence. In addition, coops have rules sharply limiting or prohibiting subleases, so investors beware that a co op is not considered a good investment. Both condos and co-ops differ significantly in ownership structure and costs, with condos typically having simpler and more flexible arrangements.

One common co op New York rule is the prohibition of foreign ownership. Generally, coops prohibit foreign buyers since it may become impossible to sue a foreign national who has the bulk of their assets and sources of income outside of the United State. Even if the cooperative corporation obtained a judgment against a foreign owner, it would likely be uncollectible if the owner’s assets were sitting 4,000 miles away in another country.

Coops may or may not allow financing. Those that do allow financing usually require a higher down payment compared to condos.

Financing of a co-op apartment requires using a personal loan rather than a mortgage. The cooperative corporation will dictate the amount of purchase price that can be financed, equal to 50% - 75% of the property value. As with a mortgage, interest on the personal loan is deductible for tax purposes. One common feature of coops is a flip tax, generally 2-3% of the sale price of the apartment, paid by the seller to the cooperative corporation upon the sale of an apartment.

Potential co op owners (and tenants, if allowed by the Board) must be interviewed by the Co op Board of Directors and present formal applications to the Board for approval. This process can take months, not weeks, as with a condo. While condos also require an application, buyers and renters are not interviewed by the condo board and the approval process is much easier.

関連記事「よくある質問ニューヨークでのアパート購入"

共同オペの長所と短所には次のようなものがある：

Co op boards

制限的

投資家に優しくない

外国人所有の禁止

通常、転貸は禁止または制限されている

持ち家を優先

More likely to have luxury amenities

When analyzing a co-op or condo, it's important to consider the differences in ownership structures, financial implications, and approval processes. Co-ops typically have more restrictive approval processes and financial requirements, while condos offer more flexibility and are often easier to finance.

コンドプス

The term condop is used in new york city real estate circles as a coop with condo rules. Technically, however, a condop is defined as a residential coop that has sold its ground floor as a commercial unit. In practice, however, the term is used as meaning a coop with condo rules.

Under condo rules, condops allow subleases and foreign ownership. Often buildings built on land leases will fall in the Condop category.

A building with a land lease requires owners to pay rent on the underlying land over a long period, usually 99 years (like property in London). These leases, in practice, are usually renewed before the land lease expires.

要約すると、コンドミニアムの建物は以下のようなものである：

制約が少ない

投資家フレンドリー

プロ外国人バイヤー

Difference Between Condo and Co-op: Understanding the Key Differences

The main difference between a condo and apartment is the ownership structure. An apartment is a rental property that is owned by a company that is in the business of managing property to generate rental income.

In addition to apartments, it’s important to compare co ops vs condos. Condo owners have full ownership of their individual units, while co-op residents own shares in a corporation that controls the entire building. This difference in ownership structures and governance also affects amenities, monthly fees, and the approval processes for buying into each property type.

Generally, in an apartment building, all the units are the same and the owner is the same. In contrast, a condo is a private residence that can be rented out to tenants. When you rent a condo, the individual owner is your landlord. When you rent an apartment, the company that owns the building is your landlord.

Condos are higher in quality than apartment buildings, as many primary homeowners live in condo buildings. At first glance, many of the amenities in condo and apartment buildings may seem the same, but you are more likely to find more upscale versions with condos, since better amenities help raise property values.

タウンハウス（および独立型住宅）

タウンハウス（ブラウンストーンと呼ばれることもある）を所有することは、一戸建てを所有することと同じである。所有者は証書によって所有権を取得し、税金や建物の維持費を支払う唯一の当事者となる。タウンハウスとブラウンストーンは同じ意味で使われることが多いが、タウンハウスは赤レンガ、石灰岩、茶色砂岩、木造で、ブラウンストーンは茶色砂岩である。

A Town house is a multi-story dwelling (attached or detached) built close to the street and scaled similarly to surrounding houses. Manhattan has many types of townhouses.

These include Federal, Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Second Empire styles from the 1800s. It also has Neo Grec, Romanesque, Renaissance Revival, and American Colonial Revival styles. Townhouses (and Freestanding Homes).

一戸建てまたは複数世帯のタウンハウス

タウンハウスの購入者には、一戸建てのタウンハウスと複数世帯のタウンハウスという2つの選択肢がある。どちらを選ぶかは、所有者の自由とプライバシーのニーズによる。しかし、複数世帯住宅を購入すれば、オーナーがテナントから家賃を徴収するため、持ち家をより手頃な価格で手に入れることができる。

PRIMARY FACTORS THAT IMPACT THE VALUE OF A TOWNHOUSE:

PROPERTY TAXES

タウンハウスの価値を決める主な要素は、1）既存の賃貸管理テナントの有無、2）立地、3）建物の状態、4）間口、つまり建物の幅である。

レント・コントロール

If you decide to go the multi-family route, remember that New York City has formidable citywide rent controls (or price controls) that may apply if there are six or more units in the building. It would be wise for a buyer to steer clear of buildings with rent control or rent-stabilized tenants in place since once the property transfers to the new owners, so do all the rent controls.

The new owner likely won’t be able to evict tenants of the property if the owner decides to make a single-family home. Rent Control favors the tenant, so landlords must know these rules inside and out.

In searching for New York City townhouses, buyers should search for buildings with “Market Rate” or “Free Market” tenants. That is not to say that an investor should never purchase a property with rent control tenants. However, the investor must know that his freedom will be severely restricted by NYC rent control laws and, therefore, the value of the property will also likely be impaired if rent control tenants are in place.

関連「ニューヨークへの引っ越し - アパート賃貸ガイド"

ロケーション、ロケーション、ロケーション

New York City Townhouses are valued based on which block they are on. In addition, each block’s configuration impacts value, since there is more perceived value in a block that has rows of uninterrupted Townhouses than a block with a large building smack-dab in the middle of the block that is interrupting continuity.

On both the Upper East Side and Upper West Side, the most expensive Townhouses are generally those blocks adjacent to Central Park in the 60s and 70s. On the Upper West Side, Townhouses that are on blocks adjacent to Riverside Park in the 70s and 80s are more expensive than those adjacent to Central Park in the 80s and 90s. On the Upper East Side, Townhouses on blocks adjacent to Park Avenue in the 60s, 70s, 80s and 90s are more expensive than the remaining Townhouses in the area.

建物の状況

Most New York City Townhouses were built in the 19th Century, so they are the oldest buildings in the city. Accordingly, a buyer will have to decide how much renovation and reconfiguration that he or she is willing to make in getting the Townhouse in condition to meet the buyer’s needs. While many Townhouses have been completely restored or renovated, many have not.

フロント

一般的に、間口、つまり建物の幅はタウンハウスの価値に大きな影響を与える。買い手は、15フィート幅のタウンハウスよりも、24フィート幅のタウンハウスの方が、総面積を含むすべての条件が同じであれば、はるかに高い金額を支払うでしょう。タウンハウスの検索をご希望の場合は、オーダーメード・サーチをご利用ください。

要約すると、タウンホームだ：

制限なし

投資家フレンドリー

Starting Prices are Much Higher than a Condop, Condo or Co op

コンドミニアムとタウンハウスの比較

A townhouse refers to the style of construction. Townhouses usually have at least 2 stories and are connected to one another in a row. While it is like a house, where the owner owns the structure and the land, it is not free standing.

A townhouse shares one or more walls with other independently owned units. Maintenance costs for the home is determined by the community’s homeowners association.

In contrast, a condo building is a building with separate unit owned by individual residents. Residents own and maintain the interior of their unit, but don’t directly own the property on which the building sits. Condo owners have financial responsibilities such as monthly maintenance charges and property taxes, but they also benefit from the ability to sublet their units and personalize their living spaces.

関連記事「タウンハウスの価格はアパートの2倍のスピードで上昇

一戸建てマンションの復活

Investors are buying up apartment buildings in NYC and converting them back into single-family homes. Manhattan townhouse NYC sales, in particular, are becoming increasingly popular. In the last three years more single to triple family units have been bought than in the previous three years combined.

But why is this happening? It appears that luxury real estate changing hands amongst wealthy investors is more profitable than dealing with smaller sales from the ordinary homeowner, who is buying property for completely different reasons.

マンハッタンで一戸建てを探すのがあまりに困難なため、長期的な購入者が自分たちの家を作っているのだ。皮肉なことに、こうしたタウンハウスの多くは、当初は一戸建てだった。現在、タウンハウスのオーナーは何百万ドルも投資して、現在の集合住宅の状態から元のレイアウトに改装し、建て直そうとしている。そのためには、配管や配線をやり直したり、後から設置した壁を取り壊したりすることが多い。

Manhattan real estate agents estimate that the average complete townhouse in the Upper West Side costs approximately $10 million. Renovations to revert the building to its initial layout can set them back an additional $3 million to $5 million.

On the flip side, multi-family rentals are becoming more popular in the city. The post 2008 employment environment is still uncertain, meaning that more and more people are renting, sometimes with several other families.

It is not the ideal scenario for an owner. With every new member on the contract, the odds of rent being missed, or problems arising increases. In light of a tenuous rental market, the idea of renting out individual units in one’s townhouse becomes less appealing, perhaps indicating why more owners are opting to convert multi-family townhouses into single dwellings, and catering exclusively to the luxury market in Manhattan, as opposed to the general population.

家族が根を下ろすための住居を所有することと、賃貸の可能性や将来的な転売のしやすさという観点から 住宅市場の現状を分析することは別のことだ。複数世帯の賃貸住宅が人気を集めている今、一戸建てに改築することは投資に値するかもしれない。

結論

Now, hopefully, you'll now understand the difference between co op vs condo buildings, townhouse vs condo, as well as other type of properties available in NYC.